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Mental Preparation

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Mental preparation work encompasses a large number of potential themes for progress: it will allow you to give structure to the realization of your dreams and to cultivate motivation and self-confidence. You will learn to observe and control the doubts that can limit you. You will use your emotions as formidable performance drivers. In the race, you will develop strategies to optimize your effort, tame pain and feel good hour after hour in the challenges that mark your journey. For these reasons: "preparing yourself mentally is not an admission of weakness but the recognition of potential "
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Mr. Reysz
Maxime Reysz

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Histoire & méthode G.Mallèvre

These are just two possible reasons why running, which depends so much on our body, also speaks to our mind. This is why understanding the minds of men and women who want to run faster and longer is a most exciting adventure. I suggest you discover some elements of reflection on the work of the mind in running, trail and ultra trail.

Then it is appropriate to give a structure to your dream to make objectives. Working on defining objectives allows you to mark out the path that leads to the goal. Once this path is rigorously traced, the energy can be focused on going through each step of the road map. At any time, we then know what we have to do to continue to make our dream come true, we can also validate the steps accomplished and anchor our confidence, methodically grow our belief in future success.

Mental preparation in trail and ultra trail

trail and mental preparation

Running faster, longer…what could be more natural?

Running is probably the most ancient physical activity, 20,000 years ago, running fast and for a long time allowed our ancestors to feed themselves, to get to safety or to explore new territories. No doubt they were already distinguished by their stride, their speed, or extraordinary endurance.

Even today, running seems to be the most essential sport. Just watch a young child take his first runs forward, his first sensations of freedom…, intoxicated by the pleasure of charging, he takes his first risks and understands that he can decide his direction.

What is the “mental”?

Everyone feels internally what this can mean for them. Many athletes in search of performance declare that it is “important”, but wanting to define this word is to feel its complexity. To simplify our investigation I suggest we say that the mind is what drives us. For example, these are the thoughts that project us into the future and tell us “get ready”. These are our motivations, these engines that give us the energy to act. They are also our automatisms, those that through years of practice allow us to put a sure and stable foot on a technical descent, and those that condition our reactions when stress is there. The mind “that drives us” is of course our emotions: fear of this bad feeling after “only” 8 kilometers of racing, joy of reaching the top of the last difficulty of this raid, fear of “losing” one’s level forced to stop by injury, joy of being at the start of this legendary race… The mind is everything we say to ourselves, and lots of things we don’t say to ourselves but which are there anyway, the mind is what conditions our thoughts and therefore our actions. Finally, the mind is also our inner plan, it is the path leading from the present moment to our goals and sometimes to our dreams.

the mind

And does it work?

Yes. While the first experiments in sports psychology date back to the end of the 19th century, the considerable progress in knowledge in neuroscience and psychology today makes mental preparation one of the four major pillars of sports performance. While physical, technical and tactical preparation have become standard, mental preparation remains an innovative discipline that is gradually taking its place in all Olympic sports federations as well as major team sports clubs. These structures have understood that mental preparation represents great potential for improving performance in competition and improving the well-being of their athletes. We can strengthen our mental qualities and develop new ones through training, this work ultimately constituting a significant competitive advantage.

What skills can I develop with my mental trainer?

The general objective of mental preparation is to improve one's sports performance but also to take more pleasure in the process that leads to the objective. This work is inseparable from greater self-knowledge and a strengthening of autonomy.

For a trail runner, there are many areas for development:

Cultivate motivation, give structure to your dreams.

motivation

It's no secret that becoming a better runner requires work. And without motivation, it's difficult to maintain your commitment over time and with the intensity necessary to achieve a goal. That's why it's essential to explore and cultivate your motivations; they are the basis of any project because they give you the energy to surpass yourself, but above all, to do the work behind the scenes, the work that builds your abilities as a runner. "Cultivating your motivations" means taking your dreams seriously, daring to make them emerge, verbalizing them because you feel deep down that they're there. The real start of a race that counts is a slightly crazy idea that sounds like "why not me?"

Managing doubt.

Making room for pleasure requires serenity. Fear of failure, doubt, stress can keep our mind and body in a "flight, defense" mode, a land too arid to cultivate all the little things we love in our sport. "Small" pleasures are great sources of energy, they are even an essential resource. Can we remain efficient if negative feelings cut us off from pleasure? What then becomes of the meaning of our commitment?

The fear of failure and the doubts it generates are natural feelings that come to us from the depths of time. What would happen if we felt no fear when faced with a very angry bear? Fear pushes us to action when faced with a situation deemed dangerous or unknown. Doubt mobilizes our resources to prepare us to face a challenging situation. Thus they can sometimes be a driving force, we can also ask ourselves the question, does "disciplined" not sometimes rhyme with "reassured"?

trail and mental preparation

Despite this observation, we can easily feel that beyond a certain threshold, doubts can become limiting. They can manifest themselves by recurring negative thoughts that invite us to limit our commitment, or by strong stress as soon as the stakes increase. This mental state is generally not pleasant, it projects our mind onto the possible consequences of a failure and distances us from the task to be accomplished here and now. Stress, if it persists, tires the body. It also generates physical tensions that are often difficult to identify but which have significant consequences on our running mechanics and can even promote the appearance of injuries.

So fear is natural and sometimes a driving force when it is framed, this emotion often judged negative seems anchored in our humanity, which is why it would seem unproductive to confront it head-on as one would face a big wave. Developing self-confidence means observing the wave forming to learn to surf it!

Développer la confiance en soi. 

La confiance en soi est « la croyance en notre capacité à réussir dans une tâche. » Par définition c’est une croyance, elle dépend non pas de la réalité mais de notre perception de celle-ci. Nous ne pouvons pas maîtriser tous les aspects de notre réalité, mais nous pouvons décider de l’observer avec un éclairage qui renforce notre confiance. Par exemple, identifier les circonstances où nous employons un discours interne négatif et développer la bienveillance à notre égard. Peut-être que développer sa confiance c’est comprendre où se situe en nous la frontière entre exigence et intransigeance. Travailler la confiance c’est aussi développer son identité d’athlète. Avant tout, être capable d’exprimer ses points forts et chercher à les développer, mais aussi savoir évaluer nos axes de progrès. Être lucide sur nos faiblesses permet d’envisager le progrès en éloignant les peurs irrationnelles généralisantes : « je ne suis pas assez bon pour le battre » devient « pour le battre, il me manque de la puissance dans les montées raides mais je pourrai m’appuyer sur ma technique en descente ». Renforcer sa confiance c’est aussi ancrer les réussites, « je serai capable de tenir le rythme parce que j’ai réussi ce 10 fois 50m D+ à 80% de VMA ». Ainsi la confiance en soi se développe et offre un équilibre important pour cadrer les phases de doutes. 

En préparation mentale on peut aussi stimuler la confiance en soi avec des techniques qui activent directement les zones du cerveau concernées. Imagerie mentale ou ancrage de ressource permettent par la répétition de créer des raccourcis dans l’activation d’un état mental désiré. Ainsi on peut définir à l’avance les caractéristiques de notre état idéal de performance pour l’activer au moment où on en a le plus besoin ! Avoir un état d’esprit positif et confiant permet de rester serein, que ce soit sur une ligne de départ comme dans les moments difficiles ou le moral vacille. Il sera d’autant plus facile de maîtriser son mental que l’on saura observer ce qui nous fait basculer dans une séquence négative et qu’on se sera entraîné à inverser la tendance. 

Développer une stratégie de gestion de l’effort.

Un trail c’est long, et vous aurez sans doute déjà expérimenté combien on peut parfois passer d’un état de grâce euphorisant à des situations de doutes intenses. Douleur, épuisement, perte de motivation…beaucoup de coureurs de fond, quel que soit leur niveau de préparation, ont déjà affronté ces situations critiques. Même si elles conduisent malheureusement quelques fois à l’abandon, c’est dans ces moments qu’un athlète met en œuvre ses véritables ressources et défini son identité de coureur. N’avez-vous pas en mémoire un moment où tout semblait désespéré et où vous avez été capable de transcender la situation pour atteindre votre objectif ? Pour réaliser cela vous avez dû inventer des solutions pour découvrir que vos limites étaient plus loin que vous croyiez.

Par la préparation mentale il est possible d’entrainer son esprit à affronter ces situations. Par exemple en appliquant une technique de fractionnement mental. Il n’y a plus « 54 kms à faire » mais l’objectif d’ « arriver au prochain ravitaillement en réalisant cette technique de respiration qui m’apaise ». Cela ne réduit pas la distance à parcourir mais permet de focaliser notre attention et nos ressources sur un objectif concret. En réalisant cet objectif difficile vous alimenterez votre confiance de pouvoir en réaliser un deuxième. Si votre mental a été entrainé à rester dans l’instant présent, à réellement segmenter votre effort en une succession d’objectifs de parcours ambitieux et définis avec justesse, vous serez alors au pied d’une grande échelle avec la capacité de créer les barreaux qui mènent au sommet. 

Pour aller plus loin dans la gestion de votre effort, une réflexion sur le relâchement et l’économie d’énergie associée peut être menée. Plus de 92 000 foulées vous mèneront de la ligne de départ jusqu’à l’arrivée d’un ultra de 100 kms. Que se passerait-il si pour chacune d’elles vous étiez un peu plus relâché ? Ce relâchement se prépare par un travail psychocorporel, technique de respiration, technique de « scan-corporel », relaxation dynamique ne sont que quelques exemples…

Apprivoiser la douleur.

La douleur est bien souvent le compagnon de route du coureur. Que ce soit une ancienne blessure en réveil ou le pied qui se prend dans une racine à 3h du matin, dur est le moment où il faut accepter qu’elle fera partie de l’aventure. Sur des courses à hautes intensités la douleur accompagne simplement la violence de l’effort ; si vous êtes un compétiteur sur 5000m, une question intéressante est de savoir quel message vous envoie la brulure de vos cuisses et ce point dans l’estomac : « tu donnes le meilleur de toi-même » ? ou bien « ce n’est pas assez, je vais te faire flancher ». Pour des distances plus longues les questions sont encore plus complexes, dois-je écouter mon corps ? quelles conséquences si je ne le fait pas ? Beaucoup de coureur choisissent d’éluder cette question et décident d’affronter leur douleur pendant des heures. La préparation mentale offre des outils pour faire face. L’intensité de la douleur est une grandeur subjective, c’est-à-dire que pour un symptôme donné, notre perception de la douleur pourra être modulée en donnant à notre cerveau une nouvelle focalisation. Cela peut passer par une association à sa douleur, je l’observe, la caractérise métaphoriquement (forme couleur, texture) et opère une démarche d’acceptation bienveillante. Ou au contraire j’apprends à m’en dissocier émotionnellement. La douleur est toujours là mais elle ne peut plus me faire douter. Enfin un travail d’imagerie ou des protocoles d’autohypnose peuvent même reprogrammer notre cerveau pour la faire effectivement diminuer jusqu’à un seuil facilement gérable. 

running training and mental preparation

Injury management: accept, accelerate re-athleticization and come back stronger.

Injury is unfortunately part of the sporting journey of most athletes. Difficult to predict, it imposes a clear break in the progress of the athlete who suffers it from one moment to the next. The consequences are sometimes serious, in addition to abandoning an important event, the injury has significant emotional consequences. For the athlete it is difficult to accept having to give up training, he fears that all his past efforts will be "lost", he is afraid of regressing and sometimes questions his identity as a high-performance athlete.

However, if forced rest forces you to accept the idea of coming back "different", it can also be seen as an opportunity to come back different! Why not compensate for a probable physical delay by acquiring new mental resources! If convalescence is a privileged time for reflection and mental preparation, innovative techniques allow you to become an actor and involved in your sports project again, even without being able to put your foot down.

Recent research results in neuroscience confirm that mental imagery work can accelerate functional rehabilitation. If you can no longer make a movement, visualize it! The brain activates the same areas as during real practice and this maintains the neuromuscular connections necessary for muscle contraction as well as the coordination of the different muscle chains.

Conclusion

Mental preparation is an important competitive advantage in modern sport. You can strengthen your mental qualities and acquire new ones through regular training. Being supported by a sports psychology professional will allow you to co-construct a unique project aimed at achieving your personal goals. This work allows you to improve your sports performance and offers a framework and time for personal development. As such, pleasure and autonomy are central themes. Mental preparation work encompasses a large number of potential themes for progress: it will allow you to give structure to the realization of your dreams and to cultivate motivation and self-confidence. You will learn to observe and control the doubts that can limit you. You will use your emotions as formidable performance drivers. In the race, you will develop strategies to optimize your effort, tame pain and feel good hour after hour in the challenges that mark your journey. For these reasons: "preparing oneself mentally is not the admission of a weakness but the recognition of a potential."

Maxime Reysz for Anima Performance

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